Panasonic's ZINC CARBON batteries have become a lot more environmentally friendly. Panasonic managed to eliminate mercury in 1989 and cadmium in 1991. But the difficulties in mass production of unleaded batteries involving the strength and erosion resistance of zinc battery cans prevented the development of no-added-lead product for a long time. After years of on-going research and innovation, Panasonic eventually succeeded in developing an independent technology achieving both good performance and mass productivity. The high-reliability, Pb 0% ADDED Zinc Carbon batteries commercially realized by these efforts are now on sale in more than 100 countries worldwide, Panasonic Zinc Carbon Batteries are a very reliable source of power for devices that consume little energy including radios, alarm clocks, torches, remote controllers and many more. They have carbon zinc cell that interacts with manganese, powdered carbon and oxide to deliver a steady source of power, These batteries contain no mercury or lead, which offer environmental benefits and make them safe to both handle and store,They are great for bulk purchasing and keeping at home, or in a business setting for future use!